Cucumbers belong to heat-loving crops, die at 0 °C, stop developing when it cools down to +10 °C. In our climate, spring comes early, but there are frequent frosts in April and early May, so many people choose to plant cucumbers only after the May holidays. But it is possible to please yourself with vegetables even earlier, it is enough to create favorable conditions. Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse is suitable for this.
Varieties for closed soil
When buying seeds for seedlings, it should be borne in mind that not all cucumbers in the greenhouse give a harvest. Parthenocarpic hybrids that do not require pollination, varieties with female flowers, with short side shoots are characterized by rapid development.
To obtain several harvests per season, cucumbers that ripen at different times are planted in the greenhouse. Greens of the German F1 hybrid ripen early. Powerful bushes are pollinated without the help of insects, they do not bend under the weight of the fruits. The Dutch variety is valued:
- for resistance to heat and cold;
- high yield;
- immunity to fungal infection;
- extended fruiting.
The ovary is formed in bunches, the yield per square meter reaches 10-12 kg of medium-sized greens.
Dynamite F1 pleases with fruits after 40 days. Parthenocarpic type lumpy cucumbers are eaten fresh and salted. With proper care, the vigorous variety pleases with an abundant harvest.
Friendly and early ripening, is not surprised by the rot of Cucumber F1 cucumbers. In hybrid Mary’s grove, an ovary is formed even under unfavorable conditions, up to 4-5 cucumbers are laid in a node.
Varieties are planted in a heated greenhouse for collecting greens in winter and autumn, the fruits of which ripen in the absence of sun
- Ararat;
- Tatiana;
- Olympiad.
Each variety has its advantages, but there will also be disadvantages.
Cucumbers react negatively to temperature changes, changes in humidity. It is easier to create optimal conditions for cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse than in an open garden.
Topping
Forming cucumbers in a greenhouse is a complex process. Female flowers in parthenocarpic species are formed on the central shoot, and the bushes are recommended to be grown in one stem, which, when 4 or 5 leaves appear, is tied to a vertical support so that the plant rises up on its own. At a height of up to half a meter, all flower buds are cut off, the lower leaves touching the ground, side shoots are removed until the stepsons have reached 50 mm in length.
With further growth 1 m from the surface of the bed, whips up to 20 cm in length are pinched on the stem, leaving 1 leaf and a fruit on them. Shoots of 40 cm in size with 2 ovaries and the same number of leaves sprout a meter above the ground. Next, growths 50 cm long with 3 cucumbers are pinched. When the stem reaches the horizontal crossbar, it is wrapped around the support 2 times.
Landing scheme
Nearby bushes do not get enough sunlight. Water that stagnates during irrigation provokes the reproduction of fungi that cause diseases. In thickened plantings, the roots of cucumbers do not receive a sufficient amount of nutrients, empty flowers appear on the shoots that do not produce fruits, and you cannot count on a harvest.
Proper planting of cucumbers in the greenhouse contributes to their full development. Seeds are sown in prepared grooves or holes at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other, leaving at least 0.5 m between rows. Seedlings are thinned, weak sprouts are pulled out.
In order to speed up the collection of cucumbers, seedlings are first grown, which are then placed in a greenhouse, observing the interval between rows – from 50 to 60 cm, bushes – 35 or 40.
Cucumbers can be arranged in a checkerboard pattern. Parthenocarpic varieties are planted in 2 rows at a distance of 0.5 m, the interval between seedlings is 35 cm.
Prevention and treatment of cucumber diseases
Without the use of biofungicides, treatment with chemicals, it is not easy to protect vegetable crops from rotting, powdery mildew. Preventive measures begin after harvesting. The greenhouse is cleaned of weeds, remnants of roots and shoots, disinfected with a disinfectant solution.
Fungi, pathogenic bacteria accumulate in the ground. To destroy pathogens, the soil is watered with Farmiod, before planting cucumbers are sprayed with Trichocin.
To prevent rotting of the roots, the development of powdery mildew, the bushes are treated with 2 biological preparations Gamair and Alirin-B at once. For the treatment of a sick specimen, the same means are taken in double quantity, Filotavin and Previkur are poured under the root, combining 20 ml of each fungicide in 10 liters of water.
To prevent ascochitosis, cucumber seedlings are sprayed with growth stimulants Ekogel, Epin. At the first signs of infection, the leaves and whips are treated with Quadris.
To protect cucumbers in the greenhouse from gray rot, the stems are wiped with a composition prepared from Rovral fungicide with the addition of chalk.